Caroline Gooding's obituary from the Guardian

Please read the following obituary of a former colleague, whose work to realise the rights of disabled people continues. Caroline did not just have an outstanding mind, she was also a very nice, very modest person.

Caroline Gooding's obituary by Bob Niven

Your Ideas on Local Planning Rules, Please

If you live in Hebden Bridge, Mytholmroyd, Cragg Vales or any of the surrounding hilltop settlements, please contribute to this thread on hebweb asking for ideas for our neighbourhood plan.

The plan brings together Hebden Royd Town Council with Blackshawhead, Erringden, Heptonstall and Wadsworth parishes in our most ambitious partnership. All will be explained if you read the post!

http://www.hebdenbridge.co.uk/forum/2014/072.html

Resistance to the War: The Independent Labour Party in Hebden Royd and the Sowerby Division in 1914 -15

Fenner Brockway, Editor of the ILP newspaper, Labour Leader, 10 September 1914 

This article explores the history of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) during the years 1914 and 1915, in the area now covered by Hebden Royd Town Council. To do so, it sometimes goes wider and considers the politics of the Sowerby Parliamentary Division, the forerunner of Calder Valley constituency, because local ILP activity often took place on a divisional, rather than at a local branch level. Before reading it, it is worth bearing in mind that the British Expeditionary Force was a volunteer army before 1916 and no one was forced to serve in it before then. So there were no conscientious objectors until 1916. Those who opposed the war in 1914 and 15  expressed their opposition by refusing to take part in recruitment campaigns and arguing for an early peace settlement.

The ILP was once the largest democratic socialist party in Great Britain; it co-founded the Labour Party and remained affiliated to it until 1932. It is managed, then as now, by the National Administrative Council (‘the NAC’), a decision-making body that acts in accordance with members’ wishes.

The Sowerby Division Labour Representation Association (‘Sowerby LRA’) was the embodiment of the Labour Party within the Sowerby Parliamentary Division. At the time, the Labour Party was an electoral pact between the trade unions and socialist societies and parties, including the ILP, dedicated to winning independent working class representation in council and parliamentary elections.

The ILP in the West Riding

The ILP’s connections in the West Riding and East Lancashire were particularly strong. It was founded in Bradford in 1893. The ILP’s first treasurer was John Lister of Shibden Hall, Halifax. Philip Snowden, MP for Blackburn in 1914, started his political life in Keighley ILP. It held its ‘coming of age’ conference in Bradford  in April1914.  And there was a delegate from Hebden Bridge ILP present, a Mrs J Wheelhouse. It seems likely that she was Nancy Wheelhouse, a fustian machinist, who lived in Eton Street, with her husband, Joseph, also a fustian worker and executive member of Sowerby LRA.

The ILP in the Upper Calder Valley in 1914 

Mrs Wheelhouse was not a lone voice in Hebden Royd or the upper valley. Records show that during the period immediately preceding WW1, and just after war was declared, there were ILP branches in Luddendenfoot, Mytholmroyd, Hebden Bridge, Charlestown, Todmorden, Ripponden and Sowerby Bridge. The minute book of Sowerby LRA makes reference to an ‘ILP institute’ in Hebden Bridge, but nothing is known about its location, size or longevity.

The ILP responds to the War

When war was declared on 4 August 1914, the ILP took a firm stance in opposition to it. Its newspaper, the Labour Leader ran a statement on its front page which read “Workers of Great Britain, you have no quarrel with the workers of Europe. They have no quarrel with you….This is not your war. It is the war of the British ruling class, of  the German ruling class, of the French Ruling Class and of  the Austrian ruling class….Down with the war!’

Subsequent editions and pamphlets spelled out a series of political aims to rid Europe of future wars. These included:

·         An end to ‘secret diplomacy’

·         Peace on non punitive terms

·         Condemnation of the influence of private profit in the arms industry

·         The creation of a united states of Europe and international courts of arbitration

The National Administrative Council immediately declared that the ILP and its branches would not help recruit volunteers for the war. On 24 September 1914, Labour Leader announced on page 7 that  a conference of ILP branches representing Huddersfield, Halifax, Sowerby, Holmfirth and Dewsbury Parliamentary Divisions had passed “a resolution…. unanimously and enthusiastically ….. endorsing the policy of the National Administrative Council”. Two days later Sowerby LRA resolved ‘that we as an executive cannot see our way to take part in any recruiting but allow each individual member to use their own discretion’. In doing so, it expressly rejected the Parliamentary Labour Party’s position seen in the minutes below.

So, in substance, Sowerby LRA took the same position at the time as the ILP. This anti-war spirit was reflected nationally by the resignation of ILP member Ramsay MacDonald as Chair of the Parliamentary Labour Party (effectively, leader of the Labour Party) because it decided to vote for ‘war credits’ (i.e. funding the war). He was replaced by Arthur Henderson, who was not an ILP member, and who later served in the coalition war cabinet in 1915. In time, Sowerby LRA would move away from the local ILP branches and towards the position represented nationally by Henderson.

Sowerby LRA breaks with the ILP

During 1914 and most of 1915, the local ILP branches and Sowerby LRA appear to have maintained apparent unanimity about the war.

Indeed, in early 1915, Hebden Bridge ILP remained defiantly optimistic. Undeterred by recruitment fever, the branch held their ’annual business meeting’ at the Trades Club (reported in the Hebden Bridge Times on 12 March 1915). The report says ‘the branch has had a very successful year. ‘Mr (sic) N Wheelhouse’ was elected auditor. Apparently,

'a vegetarian supper was served, which consisted of the following: tomato and nut soup; vegetarian pies with potatoes, roasted in butter; mock salmon steaks; macaroni cutlets; savoury gravy. Mr W Robertshaw, of Eastwood, was the caterer’.

The picture of vegetarian pacifists enjoying a meal together in the Trades Club may sound strangely familiar, but we should recall that Nancy and the others were working people likely to have only a rudimentary formal education.  They were also likely to have been the odd ones out in a town that was sending more and more recruits to the front.

So, the pressure to change must have been immense. Eventually, on 24 October 1915, the Sowerby LRA executive broke with the ILP. The minute book reads: ‘Resolved that as an executive we take part in the joint Labour recruiting campaign.” Perhaps as a face saver, and compromise with ILP comrades, it continues ‘resolved that this executive press upon the Labour party to oppose conscription unless it is accompanied by the conscription of all the material wealth of the country’. ‘Mr Ogden JP’ (the Labour Party parliamentary candidate at the time) ‘then addressed the delegates present’. Did Ogden attend to help assert Labour Party pragmatism over the ILP’s anti-capitalist pacifism, or was he there co-incidentally to address the meeting on another matter? Whatever happened, afterwards we know that ‘tea was provided ….in the Trades Club Hebden Bridge by the Club Committee. After, In the Evening an enjoyable Smoking Concert was held in the Trades Club’.

Even if the ILP was no longer dominating Sowerby LRA politically, it still continued to be the most outspoken source of views that were widespread in the Labour movement and perhaps amongst some upper valley Liberals as well. These views were expressed by the Hebden Bridge Labour and Trades Council in1915, in its annual statement to the Hebden Bridge Times:

The nations of Europe have been plunged into the greatest war the world has ever known. Militarists and diplomats have succeeded in bringing this awful calamity upon the nations without consulting the workers in any of the countries involved….We sincerely trust that the war will end militarism and secret diplomacy; that it will destroy forever the accursed profit-making armament rings; and that democracy will assert its power in demanding that international disputes shall in future be settled upon the lines of reason and arbitration, common sense and justice.

They were echoed at Eastwood, where the Liberals, in their first annual meeting after the declaration of war, discussed ‘the ending of the dismal system of secret diplomacy…the abolition of private profits out of armaments construction, and…the establishment of a permanent court of arbitration to which all international disputes shall be referred’.

All of which would have been familiar sentiments to the ILP branches in the upper valley, and in particular to that inveterate ILP annual meeting attender, Nancy Wheelhouse.

Cllr Jonathan Timbers (ILP)

Note on sources

This paper explores the history of the Independent Labour Party in Hebden Bridge, Mytholmroyd and Cragg Vale, during the years 1914 and 1915. Because evidence is sketchy, it goes even wider and considers the Sowerby Parliamentary Division, the forerunner of Calder Valley constituency. However, national ILP sources have been consulted to find out more about the politics of the ILP, as local records are almost entirely silent as to the views of Hebden Royd’s ILP-ers.

Thanks to Calder Valley Constituency Labour Party and Independent Labour Publications for permission to reproduce primary sources. Thanks also to my friends, Mike Crawford and Barry Winter (ILP), for their advice on the text. I dedicate this piece to Mrs Nancy Wheelhouse and the thousands of other comrades from the ILP who worked to make peace and social justice a reality, without seeking office or thanks.

 

Reflections on World War One - My Speech at Hebden Royd's Commemoration Event today

(The photo above shows Dorothy Sutcliffe and friend leafing through Mike Edwards's meticulous new 'Roll of Honour' for the area. I am in the background between them)

I want to make three points during this reflection on World War One:

·        Firstly, that WW1 is not really history at all, not quite yet. The personal impact of that war is still felt by living people, some of whom are here today.

·        Secondly,  the world we live in now was born out of WW1 and we still live under its shadow

·        And thirdly, that this commemoration is about everyone who was affected by that war, men, women, children, those who went, those who stayed home, the refugee who fled, those who believed in the war and those who said they didn’t. We also mark the terrible losses suffered, amongst others, by the French, German, Russian, Austrian and Turkish peoples. And the contribution by soldiers from the British and French empires, from the west Indies and Africa, from Algeria and  India and Pakistan, remembering that the first round fired by a soldier in British military service in WW1 took place in Togo, Africa, the soldier’s name, Sergeant Major Alhaji Grunshi

To begin on a personal note, I consider myself to be one of those personally affected by world war one. My half-German grandfather James Timbers died just before I was born, partly from injuries he sustained fighting for the British in the Battle of Mons. To paraphrase the words of the poet Jenny Lewis, writing about her father who served in Mesopotamia,  ‘I’ve spent the rest of my life looking for him’.

I am not alone. Today, we are privileged to have Phylis Walstow with us, who lost her father in 1915, as well as other children of WW1 veterens, including my mother, Roma. Many of them saw at first hand the personal cost of that war and by that I mean damaged minds and damaged hearts, and damaged communities…described by Ted Hughes in his poem ‘Dust as we are’, about  his father, a WW1 veteran,  living with his post-war family in Mytholmroyd:

He had been heavily killed. But we revived him.

Now he taught us a silence like prayer.

There he sat, killed but alive…

And I filled

with his knowledge

                                                After mother’s milk,

This was the soul’s food.

 

And in a sense all of you here today  - even my six year old daughter - live in the shadow of that war.

In drafting this reflection, I’ve tried on several occasions to explain why but found myself inadequate to the task. Luckily, on Friday, the Institute for Public Policy research drew my attention to an essay by the historian Heather Jones, which explains why the war is still relevant to us far better than I ever can. In summary she argues that the Left Right debate about whether WW1 was an imperialist or a patriotic war of defence is beside the point – because of course historically speaking the war was both. It was not primarily a war between Britain and Germany, let’s not forget it started in Serbia and British troops including my granddad Timbers also fought in Italy against  Austrians and Hungarians, others fought in Gallipoli. It began the ruthless occupation practices perfected by the Nazis in the second world war. It lead to the breakdown of multi ethnic and multi religious empires and the creation of ethnic nation states, the arbitrary division of the Middle East and the foundation of the state of Israel . Looking at Al Jazeeri and the Observer this morning, I wondered if WW1 was entirely over yet.

The war also left us with three great positive ideas – largely from those who opposed it – that now dominate politics and the economy in the UK and the world. The creation of an international court of arbitration to stop disputes from spiralling out of control – we call it the UN – and a ‘league of Europe’ or ‘united states of Europe’ – we call it the EU – and finally, free trade, though how free it is actually in practice these days is sometimes hotly debated.

To turn to my third and final point:  today, we commemorate all those who lived through world war one, and in particular the early stages of the war, as there will be further commemorations in 2016 and 2018 to mark the later stages of the conflict. So one of the things we should focus on today is the extraordinary story of the mass mobilisation of volunteers in the United Kingdom in the early stages of the war. Incredibly, the UK avoided conscription until 1916. So there was no conscientious objection to the war until then, although there was certainly opposition to it, locally as well as nationally. I have written a slim piece about that, which you can pick up for free, if you want to, at the back. Primarily though, people supported the war, largely, though not always, I believe, for idealistic reasons, which go well beyond patriotism, or what the Minister of Hope Baptist Church described in this place, in 1915 as ‘devilish jingoism’. They believed that through self-sacrifice they could end all wars. In the words of the Hebden Bridge Times from 6 August 1915, ‘we took up arms to ensure that even the strongest power shall not be free to disregard treaties…and that even the weakest power shall be at liberty to live its own life’. In other words, they went to war to create a civilised international order, where the strong protect the weak against aggressors, and the force of international agreement would in future prevent all war. Their hopes were betrayed, but that is another story

Let me begin to conclude with their words, which you can read in Mike Crawford’s powerful account of the experiences of local soldiers in the first few weeks of the war. They were written by Lieutenant Owen from the second battalion the Duke of Wellington’s regiment at the end of September 1914:

“I have not met a single man (or horse) of the English, French or German armies who is not dying for the war to finish!...if all goes well, we ought to win the victory which swallows up all strife, like Waterloo; and that ought to keep peace for say 50 years. By that time I think the really universal feeling against war will make soldiers a thing of the past’.

You can buy Mike’s book at the back. I recommend it highly.

Finally, let me draw your attention to my charities:  chosen with WW1 in mind. The St Augustine centre in Halifax which does many things but primarily helps asylum seekers and refugees, is something I am passionate about, along with the Archbishop of York, the Right Reverend John Sentanu, who said “If we could replicated this in every community, the country would be a different nation.”. We had many refugees in this valley in 1914 and 15, from Belgium, but then they were welcomed, and employers who exploited them were criticised. The status of refugees has worsened somewhat over the last century, even though there are considerably fewer around today than in WW1. I am no preacher but I think the words of St Matthew Chapter 25 verses 34 and 35 are apposite:  ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. ³⁵ For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in’.

My other charity is Combat Stress, that was set up after WW1, to provide counselling for veterans with PTSD or ‘shell shock’, as it was known then. Too many are still coming home with no help or support, some end up out on the streets, all too frequently their families find them too difficult to cope with and break up. You would have thought that abandoning our veterans was a practice that would have ended soon after the eighteenth century, not something that persists in the twenty-first. Sadly not.

I thank you for your generous donations, remembering the number of refugees out there in a world that is still at war and the trauma that many veterans are left with, confronted by so much senseless death and suffering. These are amongst the long shadows that WW1 leaves us with.